STD-12 UNIT-6 CHA-4
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ( STD )
- Those diseases transmitted due to sexual contact.
- It is an example of sexually transmitted infectious disease.
- It affects the mucous membrane as the urinogenital tract, rectum and occasionally the eyes, causative pathogen of this disease bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoae.
- Such bacteria are transmitted by direct sexual contact or during passage of new born through birth canal main source of infection is infected mucous membrane of urinogenital tract.
- In male symptom of this disease is inflammation of inner membrane of urethra, pus formation and painful urination, in advanced infection fibrosis occurs in urethra.
- In female infection may occurs in urethra vagina and cervix and there may be discharge of pus and painful urination.
- The infection should be treated and controlled immediately because if neglected sterility or death may be result It is estimated that 50000 to 80000 women are made sterile due to gonorrhea every year.
- If such bacteria are transmitted to the eyes of a new born in the birth canal result in blindness of new born
- It is to common sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum.
- Such bacteria are transmitted through direct sexual contact or through placenta to a foetus.
- After infection this disease is progresses through several stages primary stage , secondary stage and tertiary stage.
- During primary stage chief symptom is in open sore called as chancre at the point of contact sexual ] such chancre heals with 1-5 weeks.
- During secondary stage i.e. from 6-24 weeks symptoms are rash skin, fever and pain full nature of joint in endoskeleton.
- If the bacteria of syphilis attack on the organs of nervous system in long term infection in tertiary stage called as neurosyphilis is in this condition blood vessel that supply pure blood to brain also become infected so infected person suffer from many nerve disorders.
- Syphilis can be treated by antibiotics ( penicillin ) during the primary and secondary stage of infection syphilis can be diagnosed by blood test .
AIDS
- STDs caused by Viruses
- Pathogen . Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV )
- Symptoms
- The symptoms of AIDS include fever, lethargy, pharyngitis, weight loss, nausia, headache, raches, etc, Because HIV attacks helper T lymphocytes, the patient gets immune deficiency and he / she is unable to protect himself / herself against infections,
- Diagnosis
- AIDS can be diagnosed by ELISA test and Western Blotting test.
- Western Blotting test is used for confirmation of ELISA positive cases.
- PCR is also used to diagnose AIDS.
- Transmission
- Virus of AIDS in transmitted via blood and semen.
- Incubation period
- 6 months to 10 years.
- Treatment
- Although there is no cure of AIDS, yet use of certain drugs can prolong the life of AIDS patient, Zidovudine or Azidothymidine ( AZT ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of AIDS,
- Didanosine is another drug employed to treat AIDS .
- Symptoms
- Its symptoms include fatigue, jaundice ( yellowing skin ), persistent low grade fever, rash and abdominal pain.
- It can cause cirrhosis and possibly liver cancer.
- Diagnosis
- Hepatitis - B can be diagnosed by Australian antigen test which is now also called Hepatitis - B surfage antigen ( HBSAg ).
- It is also diagnosed by ELISA.
- Transmission.
- Mode of transmission may be blood transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, tears, intravenous drug abuse, tatooing, ear and nose pierceing, sharing of razors.
- Incubation period
- 30-80 days.
- Treatment
- It is incurable STD.
- Vaccines produced through recombinant DNA technology are available to prevent hepa ELISA
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