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What is Biowar ?
- War which is fought by bioweapons (biological weapons) against humans, their crops and animals is called biowar (biological war).
- Viruses, bacteria, fungi, spores and toxins can be used as bioweapons (BW)
- US Bioweapons Program can be mentioned as follows
- In 1942 approximately 5000 bombs filled with B. anthracis produced
- In 1950s program expanded during Korean war
- In 1955 human experiments with E. fularensis and C. burnetti
- In 1949-1968 simulant organism released off coast of San Francisco and in New York City subway
- In 1969 US terminated offensive bioweapons program
- In 1972 Bioweapons Convention and Treaty
- Anthrax
- Small pox
- Plague
- Q fever ( fever , chills fatique , etc. )
- Tularemia ( it can occur in humans in two forms :ulceroglandular and typhoidal )
- Viral Encephalitis
- Viral haemorrhagic fevers.
- Botulinum toxin (skeletal muscle paralysis)
- Bioweapons are low cost weapons
- They cause far more casualties than chemical or conventional weapons. Once bioweapon agents are released they are invisible, odourless and tasteless
- Use of respirator or gas mask
- Protective shelter
- Decontamination
- Vaccination
- Antibiotics .
Additional Information
- Alloplasmic
- A line having nucleus form one species and cytoplasm from a different species ; often male sterile (male sterile due to cytoplasm).
- Artificial Seed
- Gel bead containing SE or shoot bud ; necessary nutrients, pesticides, antibiotics, growth regulators etc. also added to gel ; SE / shoot bud gives rise to a healthy seedling.
- Broth
- After fermentation; the medium containing both products and microorganism biomass
- Cryotherapy . For virus elimination from plants : prolonged ( 4 months or long ) exposure to a low temperature ( 5 ° C ) followed by shoottip culture; preferable to thermo therapy since it is less injurious and more effective.
- Epitope
- The part of antigen molecule in volved in antigen antibody interaction . Gynogenesis. The process of haploid plant production from cultured
- ovaries ; generally unfertilized egg cells divide to produce haploids; sometimes synergids / antipodals are involved.
- Silage is green cattle food stored in a silo Silo is air tight structure in which green food ( silage ) is stored for farm animals
- Immuno - PCR . Amplifies a DNA segment ( by PCR ) attached to an antibody ; the anti body is specific to the antigen to be detected , e.g. , antigen specific to a pathogen, a cancer cell etc ; detects rare antigen at a single cell level or a single antigen molecule / sample
- Metabolic Engineering
- In industrial micro biology, introduction of transgenes affecting enzymatic, transport and regulatory functions ; this modifies metabolic activities to yield a modified product, a new product, a better utilization of substrate, an increased productivity or growth etc.
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