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Application of Transgenic Plants
- Bt Cotton - Pest resistance, herbicide tolerance and high yield. It is resistant to bollworm infestation.
- Wheat - Resistant against the herbicide
- Brassica napus - A gene encoding hirudin (a protein that prevents blood clotting) is synthesized chemically and then transferred into Brassica napus.
- This gene is activated in the plant and starts synthesizing hirudin which accumulates in seeds.
- The hirudin is then extracted and purified to be used in medicine.
- Tobacco - CPTI ( Cow Pea Trypsin Inhibitor ) gene has been introduced in tobacco to show resistance against pests.
- Flavr Savr Tomato - Increased shelf - life (delayed ripening) and better nutrient quality
- Golden Rice - Vitamin A - rich
- Potato - Higher protein content
- Bananas - Transgenic bananas act as edible vaccines to protect children against diarrhoea
- Soyabean,Maize - Herbicide resistance
- Some other transgenic plants have been produced.
- These are sunflower, cauliflower, cabbage, banana, pea, lotus, cucumber, carrot, strawberry, papaya, grape, popular, apple, pear, neem, rye, etc.
- Various microorganisms, particularly bacteria have been modified through the techniques of genetic engineering to meet specific needs
- Several bacteria have been modified by introduc tion of foreign genes to control
- nsects by production of endotoxins
- fungal disease by production of chitinases, which suppress fungal flora in the soil and
- by production of antibiotic which will degrade the toxin produced by pathogen.
- There are also positive measures where the N2, fixing efficiency of bacteria Rhizobia can be increased by transfer of useful nif genes. nif means nitrogen fixation
- Bacteria can be modified geneti cally for degradation of xenobiotics (Wastes from nonbiological systems ) and other waste material.
- Bacterial genes for this purpose are isolated from bacteria found at waste sites.
- For example bacteria Pseudomonas are not very efficient degraders but multiple genes may sometimes be needed for efficient biodegradation. Therefore , for efficient biodegradation, efficient degraders have to be prepared through genetic engineering.
- Genetic engineering also has an important impact on microbial production of chemicals and fuels.Examples :
- genetically engineered strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Lactobacillus casei have been prepared for pro duction of amino acids on a large scale.
- E. coli and Klebsiella planticola carrying genes from Z mobilis could utilize glucose and xylose to give maximum yield of ethanol.
- In bacteria , genetic engineering tums the bacterium into a living factory for the production of proteins. Examples :
- The transfer of genes for human insulin, human growth hormone (hGH) and bovine growth hormone.
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