STD-11 UNIT-3 CHA-8
CELL : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
Functions of Golgi Apparatus
Common Functions of Golgi Apparatus
Secretion- All glandular cells depend upon Golgi complex for concentrating and packaging their products inside a soluble protein coat visible as dark staining under electron microscope.
- They are sent out of the cells through exocytosis or reverse pinocytosis.
- Golgi complex brings about membrane transfor mation, that is, converting one type of membrane (e.g. ,that of ER) into other types (e.g. ,selectively permeable plasma membrane, differentiated membrane of lysosome).
- The complex also takes part in the recycling of plasma membrane.
- Proteins synthesised by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and lipids synthesised by smooth endoplasmic reticulum reach the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.
- Here, they combine with carbohydrates to form glycoproteins and glycolipids.
- Sialic acid and galactose are made inside Golgi complex.
- Most of the complex carbohydrates, other than glycogen and starch, are synthesised inside the Golgi complex, e.g. , pectic compounds, mucopolysac charides, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, hemicellulose, etc.
- Production of hormones by endocrine glands is mediated through it.
- Matrix of connective tissue is formed by Golgi complex of its cells.
- Fatty acids and glycerol absorbed by intestinal epithelium are trans ferred as fat to lacteal through Golgi complex.
- In Chick embryo the retinal pigment has been observed to be synthesised by Golgi complex (Beams and Kessels, 1968 ).
- Acrosome is an important constituent of the tip of animal sperms which helps in digesting away the covering sheath of the egg or ovum during fertilization.
- It is synthesised by Golgi complex with the help of its vesicles.
- In oocytes of animals, Golgi apparatus functions as the centre around which yolk is deposited . The process is called vitellogenesis.
- The formation of root hair from their mother cells is believed to take place through the agency of Golgi apparatus.
- Some of the vesicles or vacuoles of the Golgi apparatus store digestive enzymes obtained through ER in the inactive state. They act as primary lysosomes.
- Hypnotoxin of nematoblasts is formed by Golgi apparatus.
- Membranes of the vesicles produced by Golgi appa ratus join in the region of cytokinesis to produce new plasmlemma.
- Pectic compounds of middle lamella and various polysaccharides of the cell wall are secreted by Golgi complex.
- They are brought to the area of new wall synthesis by secretion vesicles.
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