Biotechnology And Its Application - Introduction | Application in Agriculture

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Biotechnology And Its Application - Introduction

• Biotechnology mainly deals with industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants and animals.
• The applications of biotechnology include
• therapeutics
• diagnostics
• genetically modified crops for agriculture
• processed food
• bioremediation
• waste treatment
• energy production

Research Areas of Biotechnology

• Following are three research areas of biotechnology.
• Catalyst
• Providing the best catalyst in the form of improved organism : generally a microbe or pure enzyme.
• Optimum Conditions
• Creating optimal conditions through engineering for a cata lyst to act.
• Downstream Processing
• Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein / organic compound.
• We will learn in this Chapter, how biotechnology is being used to improve the quality of our life , mainly in the food production and health.

Biotechnologycal Application in Agriculture

• Options To Increase the Food Production
• There are three options to increase the food production.

Agrochemical based Agriculture

• The Green Revolution succeeded in increasing the yield of crops mainly due to
• use of improved varietes of crops and
• use of agrochemicals ( fertilizers and pesticides ) But it was not sufficient to feed the growing human population .

Organic Agriculture or Organic Farming

• In organic farming, farmers use manures, biofertilizers, biopesticides and biocontrols to increase the crop production instead of using artificial fertilizers and pesticides.

Genetically Engineered Crop - based Agriculture.

• The organic farming cannot increase the yield of crop to appreciable degree.
• The solution of this problem is use of genetically modified crops.
• Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been changed by manipulations are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) .
• Crops in which foreign genes have been introduced through genetic engineering are called genetically modified crops or GM Crops .

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