STD-12 UNIT-6 CHA-4
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
POPULATION EXPLOSION
- Population is defined as the total number of individuals of a species present in a particular area at a given time .
- A species has many populations living in different regions .
- The scientific study of human population is called demography .
- changes in population size ( growth or decline )
- the composition of population and
- the distribution of population in space.
- It deals with five ' demographic processes ' namely fertility , mortality , marriage , migration and social mobility.
- These five processes are continually at work within a population determining size, composition and distribution .
- The rapid increase in population over a relatively short period is called population explosio.
- The world population which was around 2 billions ( 2000 million ) in 1900 reached about 6 billions by 2000. A similar trend was observed in India too.
- Our population which was approximately 350 million at the time of our independence reached close to the billion mark by 2000 and crossed 1 billion in May 2000. This means, every sixth person in the world is an Indian .
- A rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate ( MMR ) and infant mortality rate ( IMR ) and an increase in number of people in reproducible age are probable reasons for this.
- Through our role of Reproductive and Child Health Care ( RCH ) programmes we could bring down the population growth rate.
- According to the 2001 census report , the population growth rate was still around 1.7 percent , i.e. , 17 / 1000 / year , a rate at which our population could double in 33 years . Such an alarming growth rate could lead to an absolute scarcity of food,shelter and clothing .
- Therefore , the government was forced to take up serious measures to check this population growth rate .
- The present growth rate of human population is approximately 2.5 percent .
- Census is an official counting of population and preparing data about age groups , births , deaths , sex ratio , education , etc.
- In India , first census was carried out in 1872.
- Infact since 1881 it has been conducted regularly at interval of 10 years , the last being in 2011.
- Census is conducted as per the provision made under the Census Act 1948
- The India's census 2011 was conducted from February 9 to 28 and provisional figures of India's 15th census were released in New Delhi on 31st March 2011 .
- India accounts for 17.5 % of the world's population .
- India's Population as on March 1 , 2011 : 1,210,193,422
- Males : 623,724,248
- Females : 586,469,174
- Sex Ratio ( females per 1,000 males ) : 940
Reasons for High Population Growth
- There are two main factors for the increase in human population .
- Decrease in death rate mainly maternal mortality rate ( MMR ) and infant mortalaty rate ( IMR ) and
- Increase in span of life .
- Spread of Education . Persons of the country are being educated about the diseases .
- Control of Diseases . Control of various communicable diseases is in practice .
- Advancement in Agriculture . Farmers are educated to develop high yeiding crops .
- Storage Facilities . A good quantity of grains can be stored easily .
- Better Transport . This protects from famines .
- Protection from Natural Calamity . It decreases death rate .
- Government Efforts . Government is doing efforts to provide maximum informa tions to the farmers .
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