FALLOPIAN TUBES, UTERUS, VAGINA

STD-12      UNIT-6     CHA-3

HUMAN REPRODUCTION

FALLOPIAN TUBES, UTERUS, VAGINA

FALLOPIAN TUBE (OVIDUCT)

• Each Fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and con sists of the following parts . 
• The infundibulum is a dilated trumpet - like portion opening into the peritoneal cavity . The end of the tube has finger - like projections called fimbriae which help in collection of the ovum after ovulation.
• The ampulla is the widest and longest part of the Fallopian tube . 
• The isthmus is the short , narrow thick - walled portion that follows the ampulla . 
• The uterine part passes through the uterine wall and communicates with the uterine cavity .

• Functions of Fallopian Tubes . 
• The Fallopian tube conveys the ovum from the ovary to the uterus . 
• It is done by peristalsis . 
• Fertilization of the ovum generally takes place in the upper portion of the Fallopian tube ( ampulla ) 

UTERUS ( = Metra or Hystera or Womb ) 

• The uterus is a hollow muscular and inverted pear shaped structure . 
• It lies in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the rectum . 

• It comprises three parts : 
• The fundus is the upper dome - shaped part of the uterus above the openings of the uterine parts of the Fallopian tubes . 
• Cornua ( sing . Cornu ) . They are the upper corners where the oviducts enter the uterus . 
• The body ( corpus ) is the main part which is narrowest inferiorly where it continues with the cervix . 
• The cervix is the part which joins the anterior wall of the vagina and opens into it . The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal . 
• The cervix communicates above with the body of the uterus by an aperture called internal os and with the vagina below by an opening , the external os .
• The walls of the uterus are composed of three layers of tissues .
• The perimetrium is an outer thin covering of peritoneum . 
• The myometrium is a middle thick layer of smooth muscle fibers which shows strong contraction during delivery of the baby . 
• The endometrium is inner glandular layer that lines the uterine cavity .
• The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle . 

• Functions of Uterus . 
• After puberty the uterus goes through the menstrual cycle . 
• If the fertilization has taken place , the embryo gets attached to the uterine wall where it is nourished and protected . 
• At the end of the gestation period labour begins and concludes when the child born .

VAGINA

• The vagina is a tube , about 10 cm long , that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body . 
• It is easily stretched . The opening of the vagina , called the vaginal orifice (vaginal opening ) . is partially covered by a membrane called the hymen 

• Functions of Vagina . 
• It provides a passageway for the menstrual Now , serves as the receptacle for sperm during intercourse , and forms part of the birth canal during labour

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